Expletive subjects are annotated (i) in constructions with canonical weather verbs and (ii) in periphrastic constructions in which a meteorological event is expressed by a light verb (such as estar, fazer or dar) together with a postverbal NP.
Canonical weather verbs[...](IP-MAT-PRN (CONJ e)
(ADJP (ADV bem) (ADJ-G triste))
(ET-D estava)
(NP-SBJ (PRO ele))
(, ,)
(CP-ADV (C porque)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *exp*)
(VB-D chovia))))[...]
(TYCHO BRAHE; ID A_003_PSD,64.964)
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ *exp*)
(VB-D-3S nevava)
(Q muito)
(, ,))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID PFT11,18))
( (IP-MAT (IP-MAT (CP-ADV (C Quando)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *exp*)
(ET-P-3S está)
(PP (P a)
(IP-INF (VB trovejar)
(Q muito)))))
(, ,)
(NP-SBJ (PRO nós))
(VB-P-1P fazemos))
(CONJP (CONJ e)
(IP-MAT (NP-SBJ *pro*)
(VB-P-1P pomos)
(NP-ACC (DEM isto))
(PP (P @em)
(NP (D-F-P @as)
(N-P brasas)))))
(. .))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID FIG09,13))
When the weather verb co-occurs with a postverbal agreeing cognate element, the expletive subject is co-indexed with it. When the post-verbal cognate element does not agree with the verb, it isannotated as NP-ACC, like in presentational ser constructions.( (IP-MAT-SPE (QT ")
(NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
(VB-D-3S Choveu)
(NP-1 (Q-F muita)                                             ☜ agreeing cognate NP (coindexed)
(N neve))
(QT ")
(. .))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID SRP03,38))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ E)
(NP-SBJ *exp*)
(NP-ADV (OUTRO-F-P outras)
(N-P vezes))
(, ,)
(CP-ADV (C quando)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *exp*)
(ET-P-3S está)
(ADJP-PRD (Q muito)
(ADJ frio))))
(, ,)
(PP (P @a)
(NP (D-F-P @as)
(N-P vezes)))
(VB-P-3S chove)
(NP-ACC (D-F-P aquelas)                                          ☜ non-agreeing cognate NP (non coindexed)
(N-P pinguinhas)
(PP (P de)
(NP (N água)))))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID ALV38,33)) Light verbs + postverbal NP
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
(ET-D-3S Estava)
(NP-1 (Q muito)
(N vento)
(PP (P de)
(NP (N leste))))
[...]
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID VPA28,17))
[...]
(IP-MAT-PRN (NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
(ET-D-3S estava)
(NP-1 (D-UM um)
(ADJ lindo)
(N sol)))
(, ,)
(PP (P para)
(IP-INF (VB tostar)
(NP-ACC (D-F aquela)
(N massinha))))
(. .))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID PST19,27))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
(ADVP (ADV Agora))
(NEG não)
(ET-P-3S está)
(NP-1 (N tempestade)))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID VPA12,13))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ E)
(NP-SBJ *exp*)
(FP até)
(PP (P para)
(NP (D o)
(N vento)))
(SR-P-3S é)
(ADJP (ADJ-R-G pior))
(, ,)
(CP-ADV (C porque)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
(PP (P @em)
(NP (D-F-P @as)
(N-P pontas)))
(VB-P-3S faz)
(ADVP (ADV sempre))
(NP-1 (ADV-R mais)
(N vento))))
(. .))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID VPA13,7))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
(ADVP (ADV Aqui))
(VB-P-3S faz)
(NP-1 (Q muito) (N frio))
(ADVP (ADV também))
(PP (P @em)
(NP (D-F @esta) (N casa)))
(. .))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID MTM01,39))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
(VB-D-3S Dava)
(NP-1 (N chuva))
(, ,)
(NP-PRG (N-P graças)
(PP (P a)
(NP (NPR Deus))))
(, ,))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID PST19,40)) Also in this case, a non-agreeing postverbal NP is annotated as NP-ACC: ( (IP-MAT (CONJ E)
(, ,)
(ADVP (ADV depois)
(CP-ADV (C que)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *exp*)
(VB-D-3S fez)
(NP-ACC (NP (Q-P muitos) (N-P relâmpagos))
(CONJP (CONJ e)
(NP (Q-P muitos) (N-P trovõis)))))))
(, ,)
(VB-D veio)
(NP-SBJ (D-UM um) (N som))
(PP (P de)
(ADJP (ADV-R tam)
(ADJ alto)
(CP-DEG (C que)
(IP-SUB (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (N el-rei))
(NEG nom)
(NP-ACC (CL se))
(VB-D pôde)
(IP-INF (TR ter)
(IP-SMC (NP-SBJ *-2)
(PP (P em)
(NP (N pee)))))
(CONJP (CONJ e)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *pro*)
(VB-D caÃo)
(PP (P em@)
(NP (D @o) (N cham)))))))))
(. .))
(WOCHWEL; ID JAR65,.38))
Notice that other verbs, with full semantic predicative content, can take part in the expression of weather events. In those constructions the argumental NP is annotated as the subject.
( (IP-MAT (NEG Não)
(VB-D-3S caÃa)
(NP-SBJ (N vento))
(. .))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID VPA43,28))
( (IP-MAT (VB-P-3S Cai)
(NP-SBJ (D o)
(N orvalho)
(, ,)
(NP-PRN (D-UM-F uma)
(N espécie)
(PP (P de)
(NP (N neve)))))
(, ,))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID ALV40,25))
( (IP-MAT (IP-MAT (NP-ADV (D O)
(N ano)
(VB-AN passado))
(CP-ADV (C quando)
(IP-SUB (VB-D-3S veio)
(NP-SBJ (D este)
(N nevão)
(ADJ-G grande))
(ADVP (ADV cá))))
(, ,)
(PP (P para)
(ADVP (ADV aqui)))
(, ,)
(VB-D-3S caiu)
(ADVP (ADV lá))
(NP-SBJ (Q-F muita)
(N neve))
(PP (P em)
(NP (N cima)
(PP (P @de)
(NP (D-P @os)
(N-P salgueiros)
(CP-REL (WNP-2 (WPRO que))
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-2)
(ADVP (ADV lá))
(ET-D-3P estavam))))))))
(, ,)
(CONJP (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (DEM aquilo))
(VB-D-3S baixou)))
(. .))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID FIG24,48))
( (IP-MAT (ADVP (ADV Pois))
(, ,)
(NP-SBJ (D-F a)
(N gente))
(, ,)
(PP (P @a)
(NP (D-F-P @as)
(N-P vezes)))
(, ,)
(CP-ADV (C quando)
(IP-SUB (VB-P-3S cai)
(NP-SBJ (Q-F muita)
(N chuva))))
(, ,)
(VB-P-3S diz)
(. :)
(CP-EXL-SPE (QT ")
(INTJ Eh)
(. !)
(WNP (WD Que)
(N pé-d'água))
(QT ")
(. !)))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID ALV38,41))
( (CP-EXL (IP-IND (IP-IND (VB-D-3S Caiu)
(NP-SBJ (D-UM-F uma)
(N trovoada)))
(, ,)
(CONJP (IP-IND (VB-D-3S veio)
(NP-SBJ (D-UM um)
(N trovão)))))
(. !))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID VPA51,69))
( (CP-D (C Porque)
(, ,)
(CP-IMP-PRG (VB-SP-3S olhe))
(, ,)
(PRO ele)
(IP-IND (VB-D-3S veio)
(NP-SBJ (D-UM-F uma)
(N chuvada)
(ADJP (Q muito) (ADJ-G forte))))
(. .))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID FIS34,11))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ E)
(ADVP (ADV agora))
(VB-D-3S veio)
(NP-SBJ (D-UM-F uma)
(N tempestade)
(ADJP (Q muito)
(ADJ-G grande))))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID FLF44,12))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ E)
(VB-P-3S vem)
(NP-SBJ (D aquele)
(N nevoeiro))
(. ...))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID VPA40,65))
( (IP-MAT (PP (P @em)
(NP (D @o)
(N dia)
(NUM 22)
(PP (P @de)
(NP (D @o) (NPR Natal)))))
(, ,)
(VB-D-3S @punha)
(NP-SE (CL @se))
(NP-SBJ (D o) (N sol))
(PP (P @a)
(NP (D-F-P @as)
(NUM quatro)
(N-P horas)
(PP (P @de)
(NP (D-F @a) (N tarde)))))
(. .))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID CPT44,22))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ E)
(NP-SBJ *pro*)
(, ,)
(ADVP (ADV depois)
(CP-ADV (C que)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *pro*)
(ADVP (ADV assi))
(ET-D esteve)
(ADVP (D-UM um) (Q pouco)))))
(, ,)
(VB-D vio)
(PP (P em@)
(NP (D @o) (N mar)))
(IP-INF (VB alevantar@)
(NP-SE (CL @se))
(NP-SBJ (D-UM-F Å©a)
(ADJ-G gram)
(N tempestade)
(, ,)
(CP-DEG (C que)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
(VB-D parecia)
(CP-THT-1 (C que)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D-F a) (N pena))
(NP-2 (CL se))
(VB-D queria)
(IP-INF (NP-SE *-2)
(VB derribar))))))))
(. .))
(WOCHWEL; ID JAR64,.14))
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