15.2 With prepositional elements

The exceptive constituents introduced by prepositions like excetosalvo and fora are always annotated as PP-EXC.
As in the case of senão phrases,  PP-EXC can be an immediate constituent either of NP or of IP:
(...)
(IP-MAT (ADVP (ADV depois)
(CP-ADV (C que)
(NP-SBJ *pro*)
(VB-D saío)))
(, ,)
(NP-SBJ (N cousa)
(Q-NEG-F nenhũa)
(PP-EXC *ICH*-2))
(NEG nom)
(VB-D ficou)
(PP (P em@)
(NP (D @o) (N lugar)))
(, ,)
(PP-EXC-2 (P salvo)
(NP (D-F a)
(N cortiça)
(PP (P de)
(ADVP (ADV fora)))

(...)
(ID JAR37,.16)

(2)
(...)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *pro*)
(NP-DAT (CL lhe))
(VB-R pagarei)
(NP-ACC (Q tudo)
(PP-EXC (P exceto)
(NP (D-F a) (N obrigação)))
)))))
(. .))
(ID CARDS0096,.4))

(3)
(...)
(IP-MAT (NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
(SR-P É)
(ADJP (ADV sobremaneira) (ADJ preciso))
(IP-INF-1 (VB segurar)
(NP-ACC (D-P estes) (N-P malvados))
(PP (P de)
(NP (N forma)
(CP-ADV (C que)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *pro*)
(NEG não)
(VB-P voltem)
(ADVP (ADV-R mais))
(PP (P a)
(NP (D-P estes)
(N-P sítios)))
(, ,)
(PP-EXC (P salvo)
(CP-ADV (C se)
(IP-SUB (VB-SR vierem)
(NP-SBJ (D-F-P as) (N-P cabeças))
(, ,)
(IP-GER (VB-G ficando)
(ADVP (ADV lá))
(NP-SBJ (D-P os) (N-P corpos))))))
))))))
(...)
(ID CARDS0146,.3)

( (IP-IMP (IP-MAT (ADVP-PRG (ADV Enfim))
(, ,)
(VB-I comunga)
(, ,)
(ADVP (ADV ainda)
(CP-ADV (C que)
(IP-SUB (SR-SP sejam)
(NP-SBJ (NUMP (NUM dois) (CONJ ou) (NUM três))
(N-P dias)
(PP (P a)
(NP (N fio)))))))
(, ,)
(PP-EXC (P exceto)
(CP-ADV (C se)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D o) (N confessor))
(NP-DAT (CL te))
(VB-SR mandar)
(NP-ACC (D o) (N contrário)))))

(CP-ADV (C porque)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *pro*)
(ADVP (ADV então))
(NP-1 (CL lhe))
(VB-P deves)
(IP-INF (NP-DAT *-1)
(VB obedecer)))))
(, ,)
(CONJP (CONJ mas)
(IP-IMP (VB-I comunga)
(ADVP (ADV espiritualmente))))
(. .))
(ID PSCR0626,.10))
In Old Portuguese, where those prepositions can behave like  senão, the exceptive constituents are annotated as PP-ACC-EXC:
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ *pro*)
(NP-ADV (Q-F Toda) (D-F a) (N nocte))
(VB-D jouuerõ)
(ADVP (ADV allẏ))
(PP (P per)
(NP (N falimẽto)
(PP (P de)
(NP (N-P cauallos)))))
(, ,)
(CP-ADV (C ca)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *pro*)
(NEG nõ)
(HV-D aujam)
(PP-ACC-EXC (P afora)
(NP (D o)
(PP (P de)
(NP (NPR Moordret)))))

(, ,)
(CP-ADV (C ca)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D o)
(PP (P de)
(NP (NPR Gaeriet))))
(VB-RA fugira)
(PP (P a)
(NP (D-UM-F hũa)
(N foresta)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 (WPRO que))
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(SR-D era)
(ADVP (ADV preto))
(PP (P de@)
(ADVP (ADV @aly)))))))))))
(. .))
(WOCHWEL; ID DSG259,.2))
Exceptive constituents introduced by the expression "a não ser" are also annotated as PP-EXC. Inside the IP-INF, the subject is annotated in accordance with the annotation rules of Subjects in Subjects in Ser Constructions.
(IP-MAT (NEG Não)
(VB-D ficou)
(NP-SBJ (Q-NEG nenhum)
(PP-EXC (P a)
(IP-INF (NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
(NEG não)
(SR ser)
(NP-1 (D o) (NPR João))))
)
(. .))