A left-dislocated PP – labelled PP-LFD – is associated with a resumptive element (usually a clitic pronoun or an adverb), which is marked by the dash tag -RSP. The left-dislocated PP and the resumptive constituent are not coindexed.
( (IP-MAT (NP-ADV (D-UM-F Uma) (N vez)) (PP-LFD (P a) (NP (D-UM um) (N colega) (PRO$ meu))) (, ,) (VB-D-3S @acendeu) (NP-SE (CL @se)) (NP-DAT-RSP (CL @lhe)) (NP-SBJ (D o) (N carvão)) (ADVP (ADV dentro) (PP (P @de) (NP (D-F @a) (N saca)))) (, ,)) (CORDIAL-SIN; ID UNS42,1))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ e) (PP-LFD (P @a) (NP (D-F a@) (N mulher))) (NP-SBJ (Q-P todos)) (NP-ACC-RSP (CL a)) (VB-P idolatram) (PP (P por) (ADJP (ADJ-F fermosa))) (. .)) (TYCHO BRAHE; ID A_001_PSD,39.704))
( (IP-MAT (IP-IMP-PRG (VB-SP-3S Olhe)) (, ,) (PP-LFD (ADV ali) (P @em) (NP (D-F @esta) (N herdade) (PP (P @a) (NP (D @o) (N fundo) (PP (P @de) (NP (D-F @a) (N horta))))))) (, ,) (NP-SBJ *exp*) (HV-D-3S havia) (ADVP-RSP (ADV lá)) (NP-ACC (D-UM um) (N sÃtio) (CP-REL (WNP-1 (WPRO que)) (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1) (NP-ADV (Q todo) (D o) (NPR Verão)) (TR-D-3S tinha) (NP-ACC (N água)) (PP (P @em) (NP (D @o) (N cimo) (PP (P @de) (NP (D-F @a) (N terra)))))))) (. .)) (CORDIAL-SIN; ID CBV17,9))
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When the resumptive element is a displaced clitic, the -RSP label is assigned to the NP which dominates the clitic, and not to its trace.( (IP-MAT (PP-LFD (P @A) (NP (D-P @os) (OUTRO-P outros))) (NP-SBJ *pro*) (NEG não) (NP-RSP-1 (CL lhe)) (VB-P-1S ouço) (IP-INF (NP-SBJ *arb*) (VB chamar) (IP-SMC (PP-SBJ *-1) (NP-PRD (ADV-R mais) (N-P nomeadas)))) (. .)) (CORDIAL-SIN; ID STA14,46)) A fronted PP with no resumptive associate is labelled PP-LFD only if it is extracted from an embedded domain. In this case, a *ICH* trace makes the extraction site clear.
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ *pro*) (PP-LFD-1 (P De@) (NP (D-F @esta) (N carta))) (NEG não) (VB-P quer) (CP-THT (C que) (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-3 *exp*) (NP-3 (CL se)) (VB-SP venha) (PP (P a) (IP-INF (PP *ICH*-1)               ☜ embedded IP (NP-SE *-3) (VB saber))))) (. .)) (POST SCRIPTUM; ID CARDS0027,.8))
( (IP-MAT (IP-MAT (CONJ E) (NP-SBJ (PRO ele)) (NP-DAT (CL lhe)) (VB-D disse) (NP-ACC (Q-F toda) (D-F a) (N verdade))) (CONJP (CONJ e) (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D o) (N homem) (ADJ bom)) (NP-DAT (CL lhe)) (VB-D disse) (CP-THT (C que) (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *pro*) (ADVP (ADV-NEG nunca)) (PP-LFD-1 (P de) (NP (ADJ-R-G mayor) (N maravilha))) (VB-RA ouvira) (IP-INF (PP *ICH*-1)                                                ☜ embedded IP (NP-SBJ *arb*) (VB falar)))))) (. .)) (WOCHWEL; ID JAR88,.111))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ *pro*)        (PP (P @De)    (NP (D @o) (N porco)))                        ☜ PP fronted from a non embedded IP (, ,) (VB-D-1S gostava) (. .)) (CORDIAL-SIN; ID CBV58,21)) |
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